Recent in-depth studies of social relations in hunter-gatherer societies have uncovered the emergence of complex societal structures independent of agriculture. Examining alternative models of the development of social complexity that happened without a full Neolithic Package offers valuable insights into the causes of this process across diverse cultures. This article adopts actor-network theory to propose that increased diversification within the Eneolithic hunter-fisher-gatherer society of Eastern Fennoscandia was influenced by intricate mineral deposits in that region. Our focal point is a complex mining center that surfaced on the western shore of Lake Onega in the period 3500–2500 cal BC. This center constituted a network of mines, diverse processing sites, and water transport routes facilitating product distribution from Northern Finland to Central Russia. Concurrently, the proliferation of social complexity and the expansion of interregional exchange drove the intensification of mining activities. Metatuff deposits on the western shore of Lake Onega played a pivotal role by enabling local communities to craft wood-chopping tools. These tools served a dual purpose as exchange items and essential tools for boat construction, fostering a robust trade network of water routes across the region. This strategic resource empowered the local population to assert dominance in regional exchange practices, elevating demand for other products sourced from minerals coexisting with metatuff, such as asbestos and copper. As a result, the integration of material objects, specifically metatuff tools and Asbestos Ware, catalyzed the growth of social complexity in several spheres: craft specialization, cultural diversity, and the geographical complexity of the hunter-fisher-gatherer society.